In several cases, the TP53 mutation pattern generated corresponded to the pattern found in human tumours where exposure to these agents has been documented: (a) UV light, which is linked to human skin cancer, leads to the preferential induction of C→T and CC→TT mutations; (b) BaP or its reactive metabolite BPDE, which are associated with tobacco smoke-induced lung cancer, predominantly induce G→T mutations; and (c) AA, which is linked to urothelial cancer, and leads to a prevalence of A→T mutations. Here, TP53 is linked to lung carcinoma.