The CRS is also characterized by respiratory disturbance and hypoxia due to the nasal ostial obstructions [27,28], and the hypoxia-related mediators including hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α and high-mobility group box 1 would be elevated in patient with CRS and lead to further inflammation process [29,30]. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and congenital rubella syndrome.