PDCD1 and hepatitis A virus infection: These are known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which when they occur in the gastrointestinal tract/liver, may result in diarrhea, colitis or hepatitis.[9–11] In a meta-analysis that included 21 trials (11,454 patients), patients assigned to ICI treatment, including cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, presented with more all-grade AST elevation (Relative risk [RR] 1.80, P = .020) compared with non-ICI arms.