TGFB1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) promote angiogenesis in lung cancer and play an important role in the pathogenesis, progression and metastasis of NSCLC.[5] This study was performed in patients undergoing thoracoscopic-assisted radical resection of NSCLC.