The results were basically consistent with other studies on the effects of propofol-epidural anesthesia and sevoflurane-opioid anesthesia on serum levels of VEGF and TGF-β in postoperative colon cancer patients.[17] Low levels of VEGF and TGF-β in PPA group may reduce the risk of invasion, proliferation and metastasis of residual lung cancer cells and improve the long-term prognosis of NSCLC. Here, TGFB1 is linked to lung cancer.