RTL extract also reduced eNOS and ET‐1, and adhesion factors such as MCP‐1 and VCAM‐1, alleviated proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α and IL‐6, and reduced vascular endothelial damage‐associated factors such as TF and vWF in aortic tissues of T2DM rats (Figure 5). This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.