Of note common precancerous lesions, such as melanocytic nevi, are characterized by a strikingly high frequency of BRAF-mutations, suggesting that mutational activation of the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway is a critical step in the initiation of melanocytic neoplasia even if its presence alone is likely not sufficient for melanoma tumorigenesis [6, 7]. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is melanoma.