PCA3 and posterior cortical atrophy: Considering current prostate-specific antigen (PSA) limitations as a biomarker for PCa [27], new PCa biomarkers have been proposed to improve the accuracy of PSA in the management of early PCa, including PCA3. Different from PSA, PCA3 expression levels seem to be independent of patient age, inflammation, trauma or prior biopsies [28] and can be detected and quantified in urine [29].