In addition, BCAR4 could mediate either canonical or non-canonical Hh cascade to activate GLI2-dependent gene transcription 30, 48, or regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) 49, and subsequently promote cell growth, metastasis and invasion in breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, or contribute to castration resistance in prostate cancer 26. Here, BCAR4 is linked to breast carcinoma.