TSC1 and focal epilepsy: Nevertheless, hyperactivation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is hypothesized to be a major contributor to clinical features in TSC as knockout of the TSC1:TSC2 complex deregulates the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) [27], and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus was recently licensed for the treatment of refractory focal epilepsy in the UK [28] and the US.