NFKB1 and T-cell leukemia: In addition, butein was also reported to exert its antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effect through inhibition of NF-κB, AP-1 and Akt signaling in HTLV-1-infected T cells in both in vitro and in vivo settings clearly indicating its therapeutic potential against adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (Ishikawa et al., 2017).