CXCL12 and Alzheimer disease: Bladder tissues transplanted with AD-MSCs were instead characterized by an increase in rat sequence-specific genes transcription related to primitive PSCs such as Oct4, Sox2, and Stella, and stem cell trafficking, such as stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and their corresponding receptors [55].