TGFB1 and colonic neoplasm: We found several gene-sets and pathways overrepresented in the FGFR-inhibitor condition not only connected to RAS-induced MAPK activity, but also an enrichment of genes regulated by STAT3, JNK and AKT as well as an increased expression of the proliferation marker MKI67. In CSC-medium cultured organoids, on the other hand, we detected an induction of TGF-β and of all four members of the inhibitor-of-differentiation (ID) gene family, which are directly involved in self-renewal of colon cancer stem cells25.