In line with their synergistic role with DNMTs in suppressing tumor suppressor gene expression40, histone deacetylases (HDACs), particularly the class I members HDAC1 and HDAC2, were significantly increased in human lung cancers and inversely associated with PDLIM2 expression (Fig. 2h, i, Supplementary Fig. 2c–f). This evidence concerns the gene HDAC1 and lung carcinoma.