In line with their synergistic role with DNMTs in suppressing tumor suppressor gene expression40, histone deacetylases (HDACs), particularly the class I members HDAC1 and HDAC2, were significantly increased in human lung cancers and inversely associated with PDLIM2 expression (Fig. 2h, i, Supplementary Fig. 2c–f). Here, PDLIM2 is linked to lung carcinoma.