KIT and melanoma: Loss of function of c-Kit in humans gives rise to hypopigmentation-deafness disorders such as piebaldism and is also associated with certain tumor types such as thyroid carcinoma, melanoma, and breast cancer (Ronnstrand 2004; Dahl et al. 2015; Zazo Seco et al. 2015; Tramm et al. 2016; Franceschi et al. 2017).