Real-time PCR confirmed that NASH mice had significantly upregulated levels of the pro-fibrotic genes α-Sma, Col1a1 and Tgf-β1 (Figure 5A) and of the pro-inflammatory genes Tnf, IL-1β, and interferon gamma (Ifn-γ) (Figure 5B). Here, IL1B is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.