HMOX1 and Parkinson disease: Nrf2 is a transcription factor that, when activated, translocates to the nucleus to activate homeostatic cell defenses in response to oxidative stress, initiates phase II enzyme expression, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), which are antioxidant response elements (ARE), and mitigates the pathogenesis of PD [19].