GLP-1 RAs downregulated the expression of tubulointerstitial tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), collagen I, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and fibronectin (FN) which are all reported to play a role in the diabetic nephropathy [51]. Here, CCL2 is linked to diabetic kidney disease.