No difference between groups were observed for HbA1c and adiponectin concentrations, nor for common risk factors (advanced maternal age (age ≥ 35 years), obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), family history of diabetes mellitus, delivery of a previous baby more than four kg, glucosuria, previous recurrent pregnancy loss, stillbirth, or birth of a baby with congenital abnormalities), as well as education and employment status. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is diabetes mellitus.