NLRP3 and neoplasm: To determine whether the antitumor effects of lux/pT-ClyA-secreting ΔppGpp S. typhimurium were mediated through host TLR4 and NLRP3 signaling pathways, we investigated expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase1, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-kB in control and experimental group tumor tissues using western blotting (Fig. 7).