IRS1 and Alzheimer disease: Treatment of BMSCsadipo with the INSR antagonist S961 (100 nmol·L–1) under adipogenic culture conditions for 10 days resulted in impaired AD differentiation as evaluated by Nile Red staining (Fig. 6a), reduced gene expression of adipocytic genes (Pparγ2, Fsp27, and Irs1) (Fig. 6b) and impaired insulin signaling as well as decreased Insr gene expression (Fig. 6c).