The reported downstream targets of RNF41 include BRUCE, an inhibitor of apoptosis 14; parkin, a signaling molecule involved in Parkinson's disease 15; RARα (retinoic acid receptor alpha), a receptor important for erythroid and myeloid differentiation 16; and the growth factor receptors ERBB3 and ERBB4, independent of their respective ligands 17, 18. This evidence concerns the gene RARA and Parkinson disease.