Compared with normal controls, the disordered expressions of TLR2, TLR4, myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88), tumour-necrosis-factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), and NF-κB were observed in both DM patients and diabetic animals [8, 9], which suggests pro-inflammatory cytokines might play an important role in DM process. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is diabetes mellitus.