Vitamin B5 is known to be related to a rare neurodegenerative autosomal recessive disorder, called pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), due to genetic mutations in the pantothenate kinase-2 (PANK-2), an enzyme responsible for the phosphorylation of pantothenate, the first reaction of the CoA biosynthetic pathway [250,268,269,270,271]. The gene discussed is PANK2; the disease is pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration.