MTOR and Focal cortical dysplasia: Additionally, focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), hemimegalencephaly, Pretzel syndrome, megalencephaly capillary malformation syndrome, familial focal epilepsy with variable foci, and megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome are linked to the mTOR pathway via mosaic mutations of various genes including hamartin/tuberin, mTOR, PTEN, CCND2, DEPDC5, STRADα, AMPK, NPRL3, P85β, or PI3K (Figure 1) and, thus, fall into the category of mTORopathies [18,79,94,95,96,97,98,99].