CCL2 and Abnormal renal physiology: Biomarkers of renal dysfunction, such as transferrin, type IV collagen, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, etc., inflammatory markers, such as orosomucoid, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor, as well as oxidative stress markers, such as 8-OH-dG can be superior candidates in the detection of renal disorders including nephropathy and associated cardiovascular disease (Matheson et al., 2010; Chou et al., 2015).