The PD-1 engagement by related ligands, PD-L1 (B7-H1) and PD-L2 (B7-DC) that are differently expressed by tumor and immune cells, is known to recruit phosphatase SHP-1 and SHP-s to specific ITIM (immune-receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif) and ITSM (immune receptor tyrosine-based switch motif) cytosolic loci, thus inducing the de-phosphorylation of proximal TCR signaling that concurs to suppress both mTOR and PI3K/AKT intracellular pathways. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.