KEAP1 and subarachnoid hemorrhage: The inflammatory response and oxidative stress can cause brain damage in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and DMF also significantly ameliorates the early brain damage and learning deficiencies in animal models of SAH.        57  This neuroprotective effect is implemented through activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1–Nrf2–antioxidant-response element (Keap1-Nrf2-ARE) system, which causes the downregulation of oxidative stress and inflammation.