Furthermore, SOX2 is causally related to the development of the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy in different types of human cancers, likely due to its ability to maintain the stemness of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are defined as a subpopulation within tumor cells being equipped with stem cell-like properties that survives the treatment and initiates tumor progression (Novak et al., 2019). The gene discussed is SOX2; the disease is cancer.