In 1993, van de Merwe was the first to report an association between pSS and BPS/IC.[6] Moreover, urinary dilatation may also occur in pSS patients with BPS/IC, leading to obstructive renal insufficiency.[7] A hospital-based study also showed that the prevalence of OAB symptoms was more frequently encountered in pSS patients.[3] It was proposed that autoantibodies binding to the M3 muscarinic receptor (M3R) of SS patients may cause exocrine dysfunction and lead to bladder detrusor smooth muscles contraction. This evidence concerns the gene CHRM3 and peeling skin syndrome.