Since the levels of IL-25 proteins in bronchoalveolar lavages from mice with ILC2–dependent innate–type airway inflammation and the levels of Il25 mRNA in the skin of mice with imiquimod-induced psoriatic dermatitis peaked at one hour after antigen challenge46,47, IL-25 production in the onset phase of aortitis in Il1rn−/− mice (i.e., 4 weeks) may be important for development of the disease. Here, IL1RN is linked to aortitis.