Here, several cytokines, including beta chemokines critical for attracting CCR5+ HIV target cells33, and those defining T and NK cell responses implicated in HPV-associated wart regression (e.g. MCP-1, IL-8, IP-10)26–30 were elevated in women with a history of HPV infection compared to HPV negative controls; more often significantly in categories featuring HPV clearance. Here, CCL2 is linked to common wart.