Significantly, the phosphorylation of JNK, c-Jun (Fig. 4c), p38MAPK (Supplementary Fig. 16b) in A375 cells and ERK5 (Supplementary Fig. 16c) in MEL-1617 cells15 (another BRAF-mutant melanoma cell line) appear to be unaffected, even when cells are subjected to treatment with high concentrations of BI-78D3. This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and melanoma.