BDNF and diabetes mellitus: Studies of the associations between n-3 PUFAs intake and BDNF levels have also been inconsistent: for example, a positive association has been reported between n-3 PUFAs consumption and serum BDNF levels in adolescents45, but clinical trials do not find an effect of n-3 PUFAs on BDNF levels in adults with distress following trauma46 or in adults with diabetes mellitus and depression47.