As shown in Fig. 6b, c, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that PTP1B was negatively correlated with the phosphorylation level of AMPK in human pancreatic cancer tissues, which was consistent with the phenomenon observed in PDAC cell lines (Fig. 6e, f) and in xenograft tumors (Fig. 6g). Here, PTPN1 is linked to pancreatic neoplasm.