BRAF and breast carcinoma: Indeed, BRAF has been incriminated in the MAPK pathway overstimulation, resulting in the downstream stabilization of the hypoxic inducible transcription factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) in BRAFV600E melanoma [22], a transcription factor also overexpressed in the BRAF-mutated MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines [23].