In this regard, expression of the innate cytokines type I (α/β) and type II (γ) interferon (IFN) in response to viral infection can attenuate the phagocytic function of tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) [10,11] or impair the recruitment of neutrophils [12] and natural killer (NK) cells [13] to the site of infection. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and viral infectious disease.