We assessed anti-OSP responses since there is a growing body of evidence that immune responses targeting OSP may be mechanistically involved in protection against cholera [12, 14], and we assessed immune responses to CT since it is a critical virulence determinant of cholera that is immunologically processed as a T cell-dependent antigen, while OSP is immunologically processed as a T cell-independent antigen [22]. Here, CLDN11 is linked to vibrio infectious disease.