Thus if PPAR‐γ can directly affect PD‐1 expression, antagonists of PPAR‐γ might be useful in directing antitumor immune responses where PD‐1 interactions with its ligands play a role in dampening immune responses to tumors.14 Therefore, the interplay between PPAR‐γ and PD‐1 in inflammation relating to cancer and metabolic syndromes is an area that should be further explored. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and cancer.