RAF1 and cancer: Many studies have identified that the Raf/MAPK pathway involved in tumour development and progression.29 Importantly, activation of IL‐2Rβ is also capable of activating PLCγ/Raf/MAPK signalling pathway, which plays a pivotal role in regulating cell proliferation and survival.30, 31 ERK(ERK1/2) and p38 MAPK, two of the major classical MAPK pathway, have been proposed as targets in cancer therapy as a result of abnormal activation.32 Results showed that TPD7 significantly decreased the level of p‐PLCγ, Raf, p‐MEK1/2 and p‐ERK1/2, while increased the level of p‐p38 and p53 (Figure 7).