Compared to plasma from patients with no or minimal CRS (Figure 4, left panel), the NSCLC PE had lower concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-13, IL-15, MIP1α, and IFNγ, including higher concentrations of IL-6, VEGF, FGF2, and TNFα. Here, IL15 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.