While the former mechanism has previously been described as RIG-I-dependent apoptosis induction in a human xenograft melanoma mouse model [17] and different in vitro models, the complete absence of a treatment benefit on disseminated AML tumors in NSG mice indicates no direct cytotoxic or cytostatic effect of ppp-RNA treatment on AML cells in our model. Here, RIGI is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.