Moreover, miR-378a-5p, increased in serum of hyperandrogenic PCOS patients (Supplementary Figure 6B), is located within the gene encoding PGC-1β (PPARGC1B) and causes hepatic insulin resistance by targeting the catalytic subunit of PI3 kinase (49), while simultaneously opposing the actions of PGC-1β (50), suggesting further links between PCOS associated miRNAs and insulin resistance. Here, PPARGC1B is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.