HLA-G and diabetes mellitus: Given that NLRP3 inflammasome activation may be initiated by the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased NADPH oxidase activity during DM (Gao et al., 2015), the action of D-ribose to activate NLRP3 inflammasome may be associated with this redox regulation because it can react with β2-microglobulin and induces the ribosylated protein through a ROS-mediated pathway (Kong et al., 2011).