Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), reactive oxygen species and angiotensin II type 1 receptor, all are involved in the development of the endothelial dysfunction and preeclampsia [39–41]. Here, TNF is linked to endothelial dysfunction.