NFE2L2 and gastritis: In their 2009 study, Yanaka et al. demonstrated that broccoli sprouts suppressed the upregulation of the inflammatory markers, TNF-α and IL-1β in the gastric mucosa by H. pylori infection in a wild type but not in Nrf2−/− mice, suggesting a systemic protective effect against gastritis that was the result of Nrf2 activation [217].