DEP has sufficient resolution to distinguish similar populations of cells, including stimulated vs nonstimulated Jurkat cells (Pethig et al., 2002), subpopulations of human leukocytes (Yang et al., 1999; Vykoukal et al., 2009), red blood cells on the basis of ABO type (Srivastava et al., 2008), and breast cancer cells transfected with the neu oncogene (Cristofanilli et al., 2002). This evidence concerns the gene ABO and breast cancer.