GFAP and stroke disorder: Indeed, after stroke, astrocytes [105] upregulate Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Vimentin genes, leading to morphological changes to astrocyte activation [106–108] and the formation, within the ischemic penumbra, of a glial scar that is associated with astrocytes, microglia/macrophages, and extracellular matrix molecules, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in particular [109, 110].