Similarly, mRNA levels of gzma are also up-regulated in fish by viral infections: in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) (17), in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) RTS-11 cell line and leucocytes by viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) (43), in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by infectious pancreatic necrotic virus (IPNV) (44, 45) or in sea bass retina by NNV (46). The gene discussed is GZMA; the disease is viral infectious disease.