Cholinergic signaling, in particularα7 nAChR–dependent PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway are critically involved in several disorders, including schizophrenia, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, myocardial ischemia reperfusion and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and can provide protection against inflammatory injury (27, 47–52). The gene discussed is CHRNA4; the disease is ischemia.