Interestingly, in response to Mtb WCL stimulation, TNFα, IL6, IL12p40, and IL1β were produced to a significantly higher extent by BAL cells of cynomolgus macaques already prior to infection (Figures 7A–D), concordant to the pro-inflammatory profile of circulating monocytes in cynomolgus macaques. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and infection.